Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjuvant in Periodontal Treatment in Individual with Down Syndrome

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), associated with scaling and root planing in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of individuals with Down Syndrome. Material and Methods: A controlled, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted. A total of 8 participants diagnosed with Down Syndrome aged 17-38 years of both sexes with clinical periodontitis were included in the study. Participants were treated at least three times: at the baseline, Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) were obtained. After one week, conventional scaling and root planing were performed, and two quadrants were randomly selected for aPDT application. The reassessment was obtained one month after the aPDT application. The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were performed considering a 95% confidence interval. Results: In the intergroup evaluation, no statistically significant differences were observed (p>0.05). In the intragroup evaluation, no statistically significant variations were observed in relation to the PI (p>0.05) and PPD (p>0.05); however, a statistically significant reduction in the BOP was observed between the test group (p=0.013) and control group (p=0.015). Conclusion: The use of aPDT as adjuvant therapy did not promote additional benefits in decreasing PI and PPD after 1 month of treatment. However, a significant reduction in the BOP was observed in the intragroup evaluation.

Perfil sociodemográfico e condição de saúde periodontal de indivíduos com Síndrome de Down / Sociodemographic profile and periodontal health in individuals with Down syndrome

Objetivo:Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a condição de saúde periodontal de indivíduos diagnosticados com Síndrome de Down. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo indivíduos diagnosticadas com Síndrome de Down na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. A coleta dos dados sociodemográficos foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado aplicado com os cuidadores. O exame clínico foi realizado em ambiente clínico. A amostra foi do tipo não probabilística, por conveniência (n = 20). Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva. Para as variáveis categóricas foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e percentuais, para as variáveis quantitativas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistics versão 20.0. Resultados:Observou-se uma paridade entre os indivíduos pesquisados em relação ao sexo, 60% eram de cor branca e a média de idade foi de 24,6 anos (DP = 7,08) e renda familiar de 2,47 salários mínimos (DP = 3,57). A higiene bucal é realizada pelo próprio indivíduo (89,5%), usando rotineiramente escova e pasta (68,4%), duas vezes ao dia (50%). A maior parte dos entrevistados já realizou alguma visita ao dentista (84,2%), mais de 4x (66,7%), há menos de 6 meses (53,3%), somente no setor privado (50,0%), sendo o motivo principal da consulta a prevenção (31,3%). Observou-se que a média do índice de placa foi elevado (89,53%). A média do índice de sangramento à sondagem foi de 39,93% e a média de profundidade de sondagem foi de 2,09 mm. Conclusão:Estudos com grupos de indivíduos com SD, que apresentam atendimento odontológico preventivo contínuo e sistemático, demonstraram uma melhora efetiva da saúde periodontal.

Aim:To recognizethe sociodemographic profile and the periodontal health condition of individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome. Methods:This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study involving individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The collection of sociodemographic data was carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to caregivers. The clinical examination was performed in a clinical setting. The sample was non-probabilistic, for convenience (n = 20). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. For categorical variables, absolute and percentage frequencies were calculated, for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and variability were calculated. The analyzes were performed with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0. Results: There was a parity among the individuals surveyed in relation to sex, 60% were white, and the average age was 24.6 years (SD = 7.08), with a family income of 2.47 minimum wages (SD = 3.57). Oral hygiene is performed by the individual (89.5%), using a toothbrush and toothpaste (68.4%), twice a day (50%). Most interviewees have already visited the dentist (84.2%), more than 4x (66.7%), less than 6 months ago (53.3%), only in the private sector (50.0%), the main reason for the consultation being prevention (31.3%). It was observed that the average plaque index was high (89.53%). The average bleeding rate on probing was 39.93%, and the average probing depth was 2.09 mm. Conclusion:Studies with groups of individuals with DS who have continuous and systematic preventive dental care have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health dental care, have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health.

Evaluation of the Adjuvant Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Literature Review / Avaliação do Efeito Adjuvante da Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana no Tratamento da Doença Periodontal: Revisão de Literatura

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach with several clinical applications, including the treatment of periodontal diseases, by acting as an adjuvant to the conventional treatment of periodontal disease by allowing reduction of periodontopathogens, with no systemic side effects and minimal possibilities of bacterial resistance. Objective: To verify, through the scientific literature, the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy associated with conventional periodontal treatment. Methodology: The literature review was conducted in the MEDLINE databases - PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The articles were selected through the analysis of titles and abstracts published in the period from 2007 to 2018. Selected articles were published in their entirety and with free or controlled access, of the type clinical trial on the subject, without restriction of languages. The terms used were: "Periodontal diseases"; "Chronic Periodontitis" and "Photochemotherapy." Results: 84 articles were found, and 20 clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. There were different clinical protocols for the association of aPDT with the conventional treatment of periodontal disease. a number of different clinical outcomes were found for each of the proposed clinical protocols. Conclusion: Considering the clinical trials investigated, conflicting results regarding the efficacy of aPTD as an adjuvant treatment of the conventional treatment of periodontal disease are observed. and lack of standardization of clinical parameters and protocols. (AU)

A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) é uma abordagem promissora com várias aplicações clínicas, incluindo o tratamento das doenças periodontais, ao atuar como um adjuvante ao tratamento convencional da doença periodontal por permitir redução de periodontopatógenos, com ausência de efeitos sistêmicos colaterais e mínimas possibilidades de resistência bacteriana. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, por meio da literatura científica, a eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana associada ao tratamento periodontal convencional. A revisão de literatura foi conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE ­ PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Os artigos foram selecionados através da análise de títulos e de resumos publicados no período de 2007 a 2018. Foram selecionados artigos publicados na íntegra e com acesso livre e gratuito, ou controlado, do tipo ensaio clínico sobre o tema, sem restrição de idiomas. Os termos utilizados foram: Periodontal diseases; Chronic Periodontitis e Photochemotherapy. Foram encontrados 84 artigos, e 20 ensaios clínicos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados. Observou-se diferentes protocolos clínicos para a associação da aPDT com o tratamento convencional da doença periodontal. Também foram encontrados diferentes desfechos clínicos para cada um dos protocolos clínicos propostos. Conclusão: Considerando os ensaios clínicos pesquisados, observa-se resultados conflitantes frente à eficácia da aPDT como tratamento adjuvante do tratamento convencional da doença periodontal. Observa-se, ainda, uma produção literária escassa e a falta de uma padronização dos parâmetros e dos protocolos clínicos. (AU)